71d08eef-d96c-4ac0-9af9-10d86e2f8316Light fuel oil at refineryfrom crude oilproduction mix, at refinery0.1 wt.% sulphurProcessesEnergy conversionFuel productionRefinery productsThe data set covers the entire supply chain of the refinery products. This includes well drilling, crude oil production and processing as well as transportation of crude oil via pipeline resp. vessel to the refinery. Main technologies such as conventional (primary, secondary, tertiary) and unconventional production (oil sands, in-situ), both including parameters like energy consumption, transport distances, crude oil processing technologies are individually considered for each crude oil production country. Also considered are country / region specific downstream (refining) technologies, feedstock (crude oil) and product (diesel fuel, etc.) properties, like sulphur contents, as well as output spectrum of the refineries. The inventory is mainly based on industry data and is completed, where necessary, by secondary data.98The data set represents the national / regional production mix including domestic production. Imports are not considered.Foreground system:
Petroleum refineries are complex plants. The combination and sequence of a large number of processes is usually very specific to the characteristics of the crude oil and the products to be produced. Additional influencing factors are the market demand for the type of products, the available crude oil quality and certain requirements set by authorities the configuration and complexity of a refinery.
Simple hydro-skimming refineries can process only a few crude oil qualities and produce few high-quality products. Complex refineries with many conversion plants can process different crude oil types.
Petroleum refinery activities start with the reception of crude oil. After desalting, the crude oil is feeded to the distilling column of the atmospheric distillation (fractionation of the crude oil by separation according to density/ boiling/ condensation areas). The light ends (gases) go up to the head of the column and are employed to the liquid gas system to recover methane and ethane for use as refinery fuel and LPG (propane and butane) as saleable products. This light product separation is done in almost every refinery. These gases can also be used in a steam-reforming process to produce hydrogen, which is needed for the desulphurisation processes, the hydro cracking and to a lesser extent for the isomerisation unit. The straight-run naphtha of the atmospheric distillation, which is taken in the upper trays of the column are spitted and fed to three different processes. The light naphtha fraction is introduced to the chemical sweeten process. Some sweeted naphtha is directly blended in the gasoline pool, the main fraction is sent to the isomerisation unit where the aliphatic paraffins are converted into iso-paraffins with a high octane value. Often there is a de-isopentaniser (distillation) downstream to increase the gain of iso-components. These iso-paraffins are very valuable components for the gasoline production with high RON content. After desulphurisation the heavy naphtha fractions are sent to the reformer for catalytic transformation from aliphatic paraffins to iso-paraffins and from cyclo-paraffins to aromatic compounds, with a reduction of the net calorific value. The specific feature of this process is the production of hydrogen (the only hydrogen producer besides additional plants, like steam-reforming). The outputs of the isomerisation (often including a de-isopentaniser) and catalytic reforming go to the gasoline blending system and premium or regular gasoline follow as products. Kerosene is directly obtained from the atmospheric distillation and is separately treated from the rest of the middle distillates fraction. The main part of the middle distillates produced in the atmospheric distillation is employed into the hydrofiner (for desulphurisation). The desulphurised product is fed to the middle distillate blender. The residue from the atmospheric distillation is, mainly, introduced to the vacuum distillation. Here there is a distillation in light vacuum gas oil, vacuum gas oil (wax distillate) and vacuum residue. A part of the atmospheric residue is fed into the visbreaker (mild thermal cracking). Small amounts are introduced directly into the heating oil blending system and the asphalt-blowing process. The light gas oil, as a product of the vacuum distillation, goes to the hydrofiner, is desulphurised, and employed to the middle distillate blender. Some of the vacuum distillate, which has been taken from the middle trays of the vacuum distillation, is introduced to the base oil production of lubricants and waxes. Most of it is fed either to a catalytic cracker (first desulphurised) or a hydrocracker, where the feeds are converted into shorter chains by molecule restructuring. The products are gases, gasoline, middle distillates and heavy cycle gas oils (components of the heavy fuel oil). The gases of the catalytic cracking are treated in an alkylation and polymerisation unit to manufacture additional valuable gasoline components. These processes are used to combine small petroleum molecules into larger ones. Butylene of the catalytic cracker is further used to produce Methyl-Tertiary- Butyl- Ether (MTBE), a product used as octane booster. Sometimes, external purchased bio-ethanol is used instead. The naphtha of the FCC has to be treated in a special desulphurisation process to reduce the high sulphur content. The vacuum residues go into the coking process, which produces gases, gasoline, middle distillates and heating oil. A further product is petroleum coke, which is then purified. The vacuum residue, like some of the atmospheric residue, is also used as feed for the visbreaking, which also produces gases, naphtha, middle distillates and heating oil. The extracted hydrogen sulphides of all desulphurisation processes are fed to a sulphur recovery unit (claus plant) to recover elemental sulphur. The energy generation (heat, steam and electricity) requires a large amount of fuels. The fuel burned in refineries power plants and incinerators may be refinery gas, heating oil (residual oil), petrol coke and sometimes middle distillates and LPG. Beside purchased natural gas and electricity is employed.
All important material and energy flows (input- output) are shown in the following graph system boundary of the refinery model.
Furthermore a simplified flow chart is shown below. The arrangement of these processes varies among refineries, and few, if any, employ all of these processes.
The data set describes a mass-weighted average refinery for the respective country / region.
The data set considers the whole supply chain from crude oil exploration / well installation, production, transport to refining operation. If indicated in the process name, some fuels have certain shares of bio-components. The supply of these bio-components (bio-ethanol and bio-diesel) is modelled according to the national / regional situation).
Background system:
Electricity: Electricity is modelled according to the individual country-specific situations. The country-specific modelling is achieved on multiple levels. Firstly, individual energy carrier specific power plants and plants for renewable energy sources are modelled according to the current national electricity grid mix. Modelling the electricity consumption mix includes transmission / distribution losses and the own use by energy producers (own consumption of power plants and "other" own consumption e.g. due to pumped storage hydro power etc.), as well as imported electricity. Secondly, the national emission and efficiency standards of the power plants are modelled as well as the share of electricity plants and combined heat and power plants (CHP). Thirdly, the country-specific energy carrier supply (share of imports and / or domestic supply) including the country-specific energy carrier properties (e.g. element and energy content) are accounted for. Fourthly, the exploration, mining/production, processing and transport processes of the energy carrier supply chains are modelled according to the specific situation of each electricity producing country. The different production and processing techniques (emissions and efficiencies) in the different energy producing countries are considered, e.g. different crude oil production technologies or different flaring rates at the oil platforms.
Thermal energy, process steam: The thermal energy and process steam supply is modelled according to the individual country-specific situation with regard to emission standards and considered energy carriers. The thermal energy and process steam are produced at heat plants. Efficiencies for thermal energy production are by definition 100% in relation to the corresponding energy carrier input. For process steam the efficiency ranges from 85%, 90% to 95%. The energy carriers used for the generation of thermal energy and process steam are modelled according to the specific import situation (see electricity above).
Transports: All relevant and known transport processes are included. Ocean-going and inland ship transport as well as rail, truck and pipeline transport of bulk commodities are considered.
Energy carriers: The energy carriers are modelled according to the specific supply situation (see electricity above).
Refinery products: Diesel fuel, gasoline, technical gases, fuel oils, lubricants and residues such as bitumen are modelled with a parameterised country-specific refinery model. The refinery model represents the current national standard in refining techniques (e.g. emission level, internal energy consumption, etc.) as well as the individual country-specific product output spectrum, which can be quite different from country to country. The supply of crude oil is modelled, again, according to the country-specific situation with the respective properties of the resources.Crude oil mixNatural gas mixSupply of 1 kg light fuel oil (LFO) for residential heating, electricity generation and other consumers.Energy_Refinery_System_Boundaries.jpgEnergy_Refinery_Flow_chart.jpgEnergy_Refinery_Output_GB_2010.JPGLCI resultAttributionalNoneAllocation - net calorific valueAllocation - massFor all products of the refinery, allocation by mass and net calorific value is applied. The feedstock (crude oil) is allocated by energy, the refinery efforts (emissions) by mass to each product. The production route of every refinery product is modelled in detail, and therefore it is possible to track the energy efforts for operating each single unit processes of the refinery. These energy demand and the corresponding emissions, can be allocated causer-oriented to each refinery product.
The feedstock of the respective unit process, which is necessary for the production of a product or an intermediate product, is allocated by energy (i.e. mass of the product * net calorific value of the product). In these way products with high caloric values, e.g. gasoline or gases are assigned to higher feedstock consumption and hence higher environmental upstream impacts compared with low caloric value products (e.g. asphalt, residual oil).
The energy demand (thermal energy, steam, electricity) of a process, e.g. atmospheric distillation, being required to create a product or a intermediate product, are allocated according to the share of the throughput of the unit process (mass allocation). In general, products which are more complex to produce and therefore pass a lot of refinery facilities e.g. gasoline, are assigned with a higher energy consumption values (and hence higher emissions) compared with e.g. straight-run products.
For the combined crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids (NGL) production allocation by net calorific value is applied.All data used in the calculation of the LCI results refer to net calorific value.NoneGaBi Modelling PrinciplesGaBi Water Modelling PrinciplesGaBi Agriculture Model DocumentationGaBi Land Use Change Model DocumentationGaBi Energy Modelling PrinciplesGaBi Refinery Modelling PrinciplesCut-off rules for each unit process: Coverage of at least 95% of mass and energy of the input and output flows, and 98% of their environmental relevance (according to expert judgment).The coverage of the exploration and well installation data (crude oil, natural gas, natural gas liquids) are only 90% of mass and energy and 95% of the environmental relevance (according to expert judgment).The data sources for the complete product system are sufficiently consistent: The data on the energy carrier supply chain are based on statistics with country / region-specific transport distances and energy carrier composition, as well as industry and literature data on the inventory of exploration, production and processing. Infrastructure data are from literature. Refinery data are also based on statistical data and measurements of major refineries as well as literature data. LCI modelling is fully consistent.NoneIn terms of the country / region specific crude oil production and refining, missing data of certain parameters has been used from countries with a comparable technology. Data measured at a group of representative production facilities have been used to represent the national production.NoneBasisdaten für ökol. Bilanzierungen - Einsatz von Nutzfzg. in Transport, Landwirtschaft und BergbauAutogas in EuropeAus der Sprache des ÖlsAsia-Pacific Diesel Sulphur MatrixApplication for Approval of the Shell Scotford Upgrader 2 ProjectAir pollutant emission estimation methods for E-PRTR reporting by refineriesAgência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis (ANP), Statistical data, 2005Abastecimento de água de uma refinaria de petróleoOverview of the European Downstream Oil industryNational Brazilian LCI DatabaseMineralöl und UmweltschutzMineralöl und RaffinerienMethodology Report: Pilot Study DieselLow-Sulfur Gasoline & DieselLatin America and the Caribbean Sulphur Levels in Diesel FuelJahresbericht 2008Improvements in Life Cycle Energy Efficiency and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of corn-EthanolImpact of marine fuels quality legislation on EU refineries at the 2020 horizonHow a oil refinery worksHighway, Nonroad, Locomotive, and Marine Diesel Fuel Sulfur StandardsGlobal Refining OutlookGasoline Sulfur StandardsEnvironmental Impact AssessmentEmissoes dos Gases Geradores do Efeito Estufa por Termelctricas no Periodo 2000 a 2020Deutscher Beitrag zur besten verfügbaren Techniken in der RaffinerieindustrieCurrent and Proposed Sulfur levels in Diesel in Asia, EU and USAConsumptive Water Use in the Production of Ethanol and Petroleum GasolineComprehensive Multi-Output LCA Model - RefineryWorldwide Refining Survey 2009EUP Lot 11 Motors Final ReportWell-to-Wheels analysis of future automotive fuels and powertrains in the European contextToward a Cleaner FutureStudy on Oil Refining and Oil MarketsStatistical Review of Global LP GasStandards of Performance for Petroleum RefineriesRichtlinie 2003/17/EG des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates vom 3. März 2003Richtlinie 2009/28/EG des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates vom 23. April 2009Refining Processing HandbookRefining BREF review - air emissionsQuantificação e Redução de Emissões de gases Efeito estufa numa Refinaria de Petróleo - REPLAN, 2007Project News and InformationPetroleum Refining - Technology and Economics95.02008-2015NoneThe data set can be used for all LCA/CF studies where the specific refinery product is needed. Combination with individual unit processes using this commodity enables the generation of user-specific (product) LCAs.All relevant flows quantifiedCML2001 - Apr. 2015, Photochem. Ozone Creation Potential (POCP)CML2001 - Apr. 2015, Eutrophication Potential (EP)CML2001 - Apr. 2015, Freshwater Aquatic Ecotoxicity Pot. (FAETP inf.)CML2001 - Apr. 2015, Acidification Potential (AP)CML2001 - Apr. 2015, Marine Aquatic Ecotoxicity Pot. (MAETP inf.)CML2001 - Apr. 2015, Ozone Layer Depletion Potential (ODP, steady state)CML2001 - Apr. 2015, Terrestric Ecotoxicity Potential (TETP inf.)CML2001 - Apr. 2015, Human Toxicity Potential (HTP inf.)CML2001 - Apr. 2015, Global Warming Potential (GWP 100 years)CML2001 - Apr. 2015, Global Warming Potential (GWP 100 years), excl biogenic carbonCML2001 - Apr. 2015, Abiotic Depletion (ADP elements)CML2001 - Apr. 2015, Abiotic Depletion (ADP fossil)CML2001 - Apr. 2015, Global Warming Potential (GWP 100), Land Use Change only, no norm/weightCML2001 - Apr. 2015, Global Warming Potential (GWP 100), excl bio. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightCML2001 - Apr. 2015, Global Warming Potential (GWP 100), incl bio. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightAnthropogenic Abiotic Depletion Potential (AADP), TU BerlinResource depletion water, midpoint (v1.06)Resource depletion, mineral, fossils and renewables, midpoint (v1.06)Climate change midpoint, incl biogenic carbon (v1.06)Particulate matter/Respiratory inorganics midpoint (v1.06)Acidification midpoint (v1.06)Eutrophication terrestrial midpoint (v1.06)Climate change midpoint, excl biogenic carbon (v1.06)Eutrophication freshwater midpoint (v1.06)Ionizing radiation midpoint, human health (v1.06)Eutrophication marine midpoint (v1.06)Ozone depletion midpoint (v1.06)Photochemical ozone formation midpoint, human health (v1.06)Ecotoxicity freshwater midpoint (v1.06)Human toxicity midpoint, cancer effects (v1.06)Human toxicity midpoint, non-cancer effects (v1.06)IPCC AR5 GWP20, incl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GWP100, incl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GTP50, incl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GTP20, incl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GTP100, incl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GTP100, incl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP20, incl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP50, incl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GWP100, incl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GWP20, incl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP20, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GWP20, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GWP100, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP50, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP100, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GWP20, excl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GWP100, excl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GTP50, excl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GTP20, excl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GTP100, excl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GWP100, excl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GWP20, excl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP100, excl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP20, excl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP50, excl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GWP20, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GWP100, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP50, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP20, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP100, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightPrimary energy from non renewable resources (gross cal. value)Primary energy from non renewable resources (net cal. value)Primary energy from renewable resources (gross cal. value)Primary energy from renewable resources (net cal. value)Primary energy demand from ren. and non ren. resources (net cal. value)Primary energy demand from ren. and non ren. resources (gross cal. value)ReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Agricultural land occupationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Ecosystems, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Human Health, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Fossil depletionReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Freshwater ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Freshwater eutrophicationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Human toxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Ionising radiationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Marine ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Metal depletionReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Ozone depletionReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Particulate matter formationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Photochemical oxidant formationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Terrestrial acidificationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Terrestrial ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Urban land occupationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Agricultural land occupationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Climate change, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Fossil depletionReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Freshwater ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Freshwater eutrophicationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Human toxicityReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Ionising radiationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Marine ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Marine eutrophicationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Metal depletionReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Natural land transformationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Particulate matter formationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Photochemical oxidant formationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Terrestrial acidificationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Terrestrial ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Urban land occupationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Water depletionReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Ozone depletionReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Natural land transformationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Climate change, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Ecosystems, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Human Health, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Ecosystems, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Human Health, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Climate change, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Ecosystems, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Human Health, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Climate change, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Climate change, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Ecosystems, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Human Health, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Climate change, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Ecosystems, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Human Health, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Freshwater eutrophicationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Freshwater eutrophicationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Marine eutrophicationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Ozone depletionReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Ozone depletionReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Terrestrial acidificationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Terrestrial acidificationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Photochemical oxidant formationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Photochemical oxidant formationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Particulate matter formationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Particulate matter formationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Ionising radiationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Ionising radiationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Agricultural land occupationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Urban land occupationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Agricultural land occupationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Urban land occupationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Natural land transformationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Natural land transformationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Fossil depletionReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Fossil depletionReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Metal depletionReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Metal depletionReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Water depletionReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Terrestrial ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Marine ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Human toxicityReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Freshwater ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Terrestrial ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Marine ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Human toxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Freshwater ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Ecosystems, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Human Health, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Climate change, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Ecosystems, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Human Health, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Climate change, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Climate change, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Ecosystems, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Human Health, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Ecosystems, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Human Health, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Climate change, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Natural land transformationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Ozone depletionReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Climate change, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Ecosystems, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Human Health, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Freshwater eutrophicationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Freshwater eutrophicationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Marine eutrophicationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Ozone depletionReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Terrestrial acidificationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Terrestrial acidificationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Photochemical oxidant formationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Photochemical oxidant formationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Particulate matter formationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Particulate matter formationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Ionising radiationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Ionising radiationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Agricultural land occupationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Urban land occupationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Agricultural land occupationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Urban land occupationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Natural land transformationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Fossil depletionReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Fossil depletionReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Metal depletionReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Metal depletionReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Water depletionReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Freshwater ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Human toxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Marine ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Terrestrial ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Freshwater ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Human toxicityReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Marine ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Terrestrial ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Ecosystems, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Human Health, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Climate change, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Ecosystems, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Human Health, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Climate change, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Human Health, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Climate change, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Ecosystems, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Human Health, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Climate change, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Ecosystems, LUC only, no norm/weightTRACI 2.1, Ecotoxicity (recommended)TRACI 2.1, Human toxicity, cancer (recommended)TRACI 2.1, Human toxicity, non-canc. (recommended)TRACI 2.1, Global Warming Air, excl. biogenic carbonTRACI 2.1, Resources, Fossil fuelsTRACI 2.1, Human Health Particulate AirTRACI 2.1, Ozone Depletion AirTRACI 2.1, Smog AirTRACI 2.1, Global Warming Air, incl. biogenic carbonTRACI 2.1, AcidificationTRACI 2.1, EutrophicationTRACI 2.1, Global Warming Air, incl biogenic carbon, incl LUC, no norm/weightTRACI 2.1, Global Warming Air, excl biogenic carbon, incl LUC, no norm/weightTRACI 2.1, Global Warming Air, LUC only, no norm/weightUBP 2013, Global warmingUBP 2013, Pesticides into soilUBP 2013, Radioactive waste to depositUBP 2013, Radioactive substances into airUBP 2013, Water resourcesUBP 2013, Energy resourcesUBP 2013, Water pollutantsUBP 2013, Heavy metals into soilUBP 2013, Mineral resourcesUBP 2013, POP into waterUBP 2013, Radioactive substances into waterUBP 2013, Carcinogenic substances into airUBP 2013, Heavy metals into airUBP 2013, Land useUBP 2013, Heavy metals into waterUBP 2013, Main air pollutantsUBP 2013, Ozone layer depletionUBP 2013, Non radioactive waste to depositUBP 2013, Global warming, incl Land Use ChangeUBP 2013, Global warming, Land Use Change onlyUSEtox, Ecotoxicity (recommended)USEtox, Human toxicity, cancer (recommended)USEtox, Human toxicity, non-canc. (recommended)Total freshwater consumption (including rainwater)Blue water consumptionBlue water useTotal freshwater useThe LCI method applied is in compliance with ISO 14040 and 14044. The documentation includes all relevant information in view of the data quality and scope of the application of the respective LCI result / data set. The dataset represents the state-of-the-art in view of the referenced functional unit.thinkstepLBP-GaBiIBP-GaBiOverall quality according to different validation schemes
GaBi = 1,8 interpreted into "good overall quality" in the GaBi quality validation scheme
ILCD = 1,9 interpreted into "basic overall quality" in the ILCD quality validation scheme
PEF = 1,8 interpreted into "very good overall quality" in the PEF quality validation schemeThe dataset and systems, which are provided with our software and databases for public use into a broad user community, are constantly used, compared, benchmarked, screened, reviewed and results published in various external, professional and third party LCA applications in industry, academia and politics. So user feedback via the online GaBi forum or direct via user information is a standard routine in the maintenance and update process and leads to stable quality and constant control and improvement of data, if knowledge or technology improves or industrial process chains develop or change.GaBi user forumGaBi bug forumGaBi user communityGaBi conformity systemFully compliantFully compliantFully compliantFully compliantFully compliantNot definedUNEP SETAC Life Cycle InitiativeNot definedNot definedNot definedNot definedNot definedNot definedILCD Data Network - Entry-levelNot definedFully compliantFully compliantNot definedFully compliantNot definedthinkstepThis background LCI data set can be used for any types of LCA studies.thinkstep2016-01-01T00:00:00+01:00ILCD format 1.1thinkstepNo official approval by producer or operator2016-01-01T00:00:00+01:0010.00.000Data set finalised; entirely publishedGaBi databasesthinksteptrueOtherGaBi (source code, database including extension databases modules and single data sets, documentation) remains property of thinkstep AG. thinkstep AG delivers GaBi licenses comprising data storage medium and manual as ordered by the customer. The license guarantees the right of use for one installation of GaBi. Further installations using the same license are not permitted. Additional licenses are only valid if the licensee holds at least one main license. Licenses are not transferable and must only be used within the licensee's organisation. Data sets may be copied for internal use. The number of copies is restricted to the number of licenses of the software system GaBi the licensee owns. The right of use is exclusively valid for the licensee. All rights reserved.Light fuel oilOutput110.000Mixed primary / secondaryUnknown derivation