1bd79d88-8f19-4262-a7f1-19a185583886LED SMD high-efficiency with lens max 1A (235mg) Au bondwire 9.0x7.0x4.4front-end and back-end processing of the wafer, including Czochralski method of silicon growingproduction mix, at planthigh-efficiency with lens max 1A (235mg) Au bondwire 9.0x7.0x4.4Integrated circuit, semiconductor chip, processor, chip, microcomputer, logic chip, silicon chipProcessesProductionElectronicsComponents generalThe data set covers all relevant process steps and technologies over the supply chain of the represented cradle to gate inventory with a good overall data quality. The inventory is based mainly on industry data and is completed, where necessary, by secondary data. The IC manufacturing process is representative of a combination of IC manufacturing platforms and does not specifically represent any one company or process technology platform.98This dataset represents a global technology and energy mix. The wafer processing model is representative of several manufacturing platforms (defined methods of IC production) developed and/or used by leading manufacturers of logic and memory (Intel, AMD/Global Foundries, IBM, TSMC, Samsung, Micron), which compose the majority of IC production worldwide. The production location (energy, materials and fuels) representing a mix of IC producing nations weighted by installed manufacturing capacity.The component name contains following information: name of the component, e.g. LED; mounting technique (SMD or THT), type of LED (e.g. high-efficiency), housing specifications (e.g. with lens), maximum current (in Amperes), mass of the component in brackets, e.g. (60mg), technology specifications, e.g. Flip Chip, size details (2 types): 9.0x7.0x4.4 - the size is given in mm as length x width x height; D5x7 - the size is given in mm as diameter (D) x height.
The mounting technique of LEDs can be of two types: Surface Mounted Device (SMD) or Through-Hole technology (THT). There is only one THT LED dataset covered in the database as these components are phased out from most applications. The so-called 5mm LED is, however, is still ubiquitous and available as a standard size and type in certain industrial applications (e.g. signal lights) and is therefore not specified in further detail (LED THT 5mm (350mg) D5x7).
High-efficiency and low-efficiency SMD LEDs are differentiated based on generation. Today`s LEDs (post-2007) can generally be considered high-efficiency based on the following loose criteria:
(1) the luminous efficacy (luminous flux measured at 350mA divided by the wattage) is at least 20lm/W;
(2) the luminous efficacy per die size is in the range of 30-100lm/mm2 or larger
The technology specification of the LEDs can be of two types: including gold bond-wires and without gold (using, for example, Flip Chip Technology).
The datasets for ICs (all housing and packaging types), transistors and diodes are based on a parametric model. This model allows individual quantification of the following main modules reflecting mono-crystalline silicon based semiconductor:
- die manufacture
- bond wires
- leadframe
- housing
The module "die manufacture":
The module die manufacture (aka, front-end wafer processing) produces the dominant environmental effect. Scaling of this module is based on die size (which determines the area required in wafer manufacture), the IC technology type and generation or node which determines the technology used in wafer manufacture (the device type: logic, memory, single/power transistor, diode or LED as well as the technology generation or node, which determines the sophistication or complexity of the device), or alternately the number of masks (which can be used to infer the production complexity). The level of integration corresponds to the number of pins in the following way: For a given die area or device size, the more masks necessary for front-end processing, the more pins are required for connection to the chip. The technology node reflects the level of integration of the chip and is used, along with industry standards and reference products, to determine the packaging type required for the IC (or vice versa: the IC device type and generation suggested by the package type).
The model of bare wafer manufacture (to reflect the environmental effects for bare dice) consists of following processes: manufacturing of mono-crystalline silicon (Czochralski method) and wafer manufacturing (including wafer structuring/design). Mono-crystalline silicon manufactured during the Czochralski method are cut into thin silicon wafers and polished to a very high flatness to be used for wafer structuring. The mass of silicon is scaled according to the mass input of silicon material.
The structuring processes (front end) consist of hundreds of steps and many chemical inputs. Scaling of all resources, chemical inputs and emissions takes place according to the process inventory applied for the semiconductor device. The device process inventory can be described by the technology node, or by the number of masks. The table 1 under section pictogramme shows the number of masks related to each type of semiconductor.
Since the last release of the Electronics database, wafer processing has been updated to include newer process technologies which correspond to higher mask counts, as well as new device types (flash memory and DRAM). The MPU process technology reflects a device at the 130 nm CMOS generation with both logic and on-chip memory which is representative of a generic microprocessor unit.The table 2 under section pictogramme shows the number of front-end masks used for each process technology.
The module "bond wires": Gold or aluminium is taken according to material declaration and a wire process is applied.
The module "leadframe": Materials for possible alloys are lead, nickel, copper, aluminium, steel, cobalt and zinc. The respective composition is in accordance with the given material declaration. Each alloy has applied an average sheet making process and a surface coating process. As coating tin, silver or palladium is applicable according to material declaration. The finished leadframe has applied an average bending and punching process.
The module "housing": Materials for possible compositions of housings are epoxy resin, glass fibres, tetra bromo bisphenole-A (TBBA) and antimony trioxide. The respective composition is in accordance with the material declaration for each package type.
Diodes such as MELF or miniMELF have additionally taken into consideration the materials glass, as float glass, and ceramic, based on wet cast manufacture.
LEDs are also based on the parametric IC model. This refers to an estimation that the gallium, arsenic, selenic or other mono-crystalline semiconductor materials may be estimated by the mono-crystalline silicon model since the processing steps are nearly identical from an environmental stand-point. The plastic cap of the THT LED is estimated as epoxy resin because of the provided boundaries of the model.
In addition to the standard modules, the parametric model of SMD-type LEDs contains the following modules:
- Substrate consisting of ceramics (film cast) and is contained in all datasets
- Reflector consisting of aluminum foil
- Lens consisting of silicone
Background system:
Electricity: Electricity is modelled according to the individual country-specific situations. The country-specific modelling is achieved on multiple levels. Firstly, individual energy carrier specific power plants and plants for renewable energy sources are modelled according to the current national electricity grid mix. Modelling the electricity consumption mix includes transmission / distribution losses and the own use by energy producers (own consumption of power plants and "other" own consumption e.g. due to pumped storage hydro power etc.), as well as imported electricity. Secondly, the national emission and efficiency standards of the power plants are modelled as well as the share of electricity plants and combined heat and power plants (CHP). Thirdly, the country-specific energy carrier supply (share of imports and / or domestic supply) including the country-specific energy carrier properties (e.g. element and energy content) are accounted for. Fourthly, the exploration, mining/production, processing and transport processes of the energy carrier supply chains are modelled according to the specific situation of each electricity producing country. The different production and processing techniques (emissions and efficiencies) in the different energy producing countries are considered, e.g. different crude oil production technologies or different flaring rates at the oil platforms.
Thermal energy, process steam: The thermal energy and process steam supply is modelled according to the individual country-specific situation with regard to emission standards and considered energy carriers. The thermal energy and process steam are produced at heat plants. Efficiencies for thermal energy production are by definition 100% in relation to the corresponding energy carrier input. For process steam the efficiency ranges from 85%, 90% to 95%. The energy carriers used for the generation of thermal energy and process steam are modelled according to the specific import situation (see electricity above).
Transports: All relevant and known transport processes are included. Ocean-going and inland ship transport as well as rail, truck and pipeline transport of bulk commodities are considered.
Energy carriers: The energy carriers are modelled according to the specific supply situation (see electricity above).
Refinery products: Diesel fuel, gasoline, technical gases, fuel oils, lubricants and residues such as bitumen are modelled with a parameterised country-specific refinery model. The refinery model represents the current national standard in refining techniques (e.g. emission level, internal energy consumption, etc.) as well as the individual country-specific product output spectrum, which can be quite different from country to country. The supply of crude oil is modelled, again, according to the country-specific situation with the respective properties of the resources.Printed Wiring Board 2-layer rigid FR4 with chemSn elecAuNi finish (Subtractive method)Printed Wiring Board 2-layer rigid FR4 with chem-elec AuNi finish (Subtractive method)Solder paste SnAg3.5Gold (primary)Palladium mixSilver mixThe purpose of these products (integrated circuits, diodes, transistors and LEDs) is to control electric signals in electronic products. Integrated circuits, diodes and transistors can calculate and store data, or transmit signals for communication or control. LEDs emit light.Electronics _GLO_LEDxxx.jpgElectronics_ICs_LEDs_Table 1_Package types with typical corresponding process technologies.jpgElectronics_ICs_LEDs_Table_2_Number of front-end masks used for each process technology.jpgElectronics_GLO_general_flow_diagram_LEDs.jpgEnergy source was adapted to global conditions, in order to reflect worldwide manufacturing of ICs, transistors, diodes, LEDs.
All environmentally-relevant mass inputs and emissions are included, where LCI data (for inputs) or characterization factors (for emissions) are available, but where a representative or proxy LCI data, or impact factor, is not available, the mass input is excluded. Where LCI data is not available for semiconductor grade (99.9998-99.99998%) chemicals, non-highly-pure (industrial grade) chemicals of 99-99.9% purity are used. Where an emissions factor for an exact chemical emission is not available, a representative group impact factor (e.g. NMVOC) is used.LCI resultAttributionalNoneAllocation - market valueAllocation - net calorific valueAllocation - exergetic contentFor the combined heat and power production, allocation by exergetic content is applied. For the electricity generation and by-products, e.g. gypsum, allocation by market value is applied due to no common physical properties. Within the refinery allocation by net calorific value and mass is used. For the combined crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids production al-location by net calorific value is applied.All data used in the calculation of the LCI results refer to net calorific value.NoneGaBi Modelling PrinciplesGaBi Water Modelling PrinciplesGaBi Agriculture Model DocumentationGaBi Land Use Change Model DocumentationGaBi Energy Modelling PrinciplesGaBi Refinery Modelling PrinciplesOver 99% of mass and energy inputs and outputs to the overall process are included.
Cut-off rules for each unit process: Chemical inputs to wafer processing with unremarkable environmental relevance falling below 0.1% of input chemical flow by mass (excluding water inputs) are excluded. Chemical inputs lacking LCI data for their high-purity semiconductor grade form are represented using industrial grade purity. All process emissions with high environmental relevance are included in the inventory, no matter how low the mass contribution.
When considering only chemical inputs to the wafer fabrication (front-end) process (excluding the mass of water and silicon), coverage of at least 95 % of mass of the input flows are achieved. All process emissions with high global warming impact are included in the inventory, even when mass emissions fall below 0.1% because, at this point in time, not all high-GWP emissions are completely abated in semiconductor production worldwide.
For further details please see the document "GaBi Databases Modeling Principles."NoneEnergy source was adapted to global conditions, in order to reflect worldwide manufacturing of ICs, transistors, diodes, LEDs.
All environmentally-relevant mass inputs and emissions are included, where LCI data (for inputs) or characterization factors (for emissions) are available, but where a representative or proxy LCI data, or impact factor, is not available, the mass input is excluded. Where LCI data is not available for semiconductor grade (99.9998-99.99998%) chemicals, non-highly-pure (industrial grade) chemicals of 99-99.9% purity are used. Where an emissions factor for an exact chemical emission is not available, a representative group impact factor (e.g. NMVOC) is used.NoneFor details please see the document "GaBi Databases Modelling Principles"NoneKeept it Cool Keramik vereinfacht thermisches ManagementLED- und OLED-Lighting versprechen große Veränderungen im neuen JahrzehntIndustry sources(confidential data), 2011CreeCree XP-G LED Chip SizeLED SMD Datasheets 2010LED SMD Datasheets 2000SICAS Glob. Statistics Report 4th Quarter 2008: Integrated Circuit Wafer-Fab Capacity & UtilisationEXAMPLE LCICALCULATION OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES, USED FOR VIDEO CAMERA, THOSE MOUNTED ON THE PRINTINTEGRATION OF ENERGY AND OPERATING MATERIAL SERVICE SYSTEMS IN AREA-BASED JEITA MODEL , 2006ESTIMATION METHOD OF LIFE CYCLE INVENTORY DATA FOR SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES, 2006JEITA STD. LOGIC PROCESS MODELING AND APPLICATION 3, 2006An LCA approach to Back-end Process of Logic LCI customized by JEITA , 2004An LCA approach to logic process customized by JEITA, 2004Life Cycle Assessment for Semiconductor Device, 2004Ultra-fine feature printed circuits and multi-chip modules. , 1995Average Industry Data , 1999-2010Patent-/ Technical Literature, 1999-2006Life-Cycle Assessment of Flash Memory.Life-cycle assessment of computational logic produced from 1995 through 2010.Life-cycle energy and global warming potential of computational logicThe 1.7 kilogram microchip: Energy and material use in the production of semiconductor devices.Case studies in energy use to realize ultra-high purities in semiconductor manufacturingSIA. Annual Forecast of Global Semiconductor Sales.Life-Cycle Assessment of SemiconductorsThe Int. Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors, 2001-2011 Editions and Updates. 2001-201195.02000-2011NoneThe dataset represents an aggregated process with cradle-to-gate system boundaries.
Dataset should be used in combination with an assembly line dataset (mounting of the device via surface mounting or through-hole technology) and a substrate (e.g. printed wiring board) dataset.
To match your LEDs with the available GaBi datasets choose the correct mounting technique, check the maximum current and then the technology. Once you selected the best-fitting component scale according to size and type of the most appropriate component, e.g. scaling 1.5 pieces in the model to reflect 3 smaller pieces in the product. Once the scaling factor is defined, the dataset can be linked to the unit process #GLO: component mixer# or #GLO: component mixer (DfX)# and scaled via a parameter. For an example see the plan GLO: Populated printed wiring board.All relevant flows quantifiedCML2001 - Apr. 2015, Photochem. Ozone Creation Potential (POCP)CML2001 - Apr. 2015, Eutrophication Potential (EP)CML2001 - Apr. 2015, Freshwater Aquatic Ecotoxicity Pot. (FAETP inf.)CML2001 - Apr. 2015, Acidification Potential (AP)CML2001 - Apr. 2015, Marine Aquatic Ecotoxicity Pot. (MAETP inf.)CML2001 - Apr. 2015, Ozone Layer Depletion Potential (ODP, steady state)CML2001 - Apr. 2015, Terrestric Ecotoxicity Potential (TETP inf.)CML2001 - Apr. 2015, Human Toxicity Potential (HTP inf.)CML2001 - Apr. 2015, Global Warming Potential (GWP 100 years)CML2001 - Apr. 2015, Global Warming Potential (GWP 100 years), excl biogenic carbonCML2001 - Apr. 2015, Abiotic Depletion (ADP elements)CML2001 - Apr. 2015, Abiotic Depletion (ADP fossil)CML2001 - Apr. 2015, Global Warming Potential (GWP 100), Land Use Change only, no norm/weightCML2001 - Apr. 2015, Global Warming Potential (GWP 100), excl bio. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightCML2001 - Apr. 2015, Global Warming Potential (GWP 100), incl bio. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightAnthropogenic Abiotic Depletion Potential (AADP), TU BerlinResource depletion water, midpoint (v1.06)Resource depletion, mineral, fossils and renewables, midpoint (v1.06)Climate change midpoint, incl biogenic carbon (v1.06)Particulate matter/Respiratory inorganics midpoint (v1.06)Acidification midpoint (v1.06)Eutrophication terrestrial midpoint (v1.06)Climate change midpoint, excl biogenic carbon (v1.06)Eutrophication freshwater midpoint (v1.06)Ionizing radiation midpoint, human health (v1.06)Eutrophication marine midpoint (v1.06)Ozone depletion midpoint (v1.06)Photochemical ozone formation midpoint, human health (v1.06)Ecotoxicity freshwater midpoint (v1.06)Human toxicity midpoint, cancer effects (v1.06)Human toxicity midpoint, non-cancer effects (v1.06)IPCC AR5 GWP20, incl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GWP100, incl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GTP50, incl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GTP20, incl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GTP100, incl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GTP100, incl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP20, incl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP50, incl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GWP100, incl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GWP20, incl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP20, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GWP20, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GWP100, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP50, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP100, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GWP20, excl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GWP100, excl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GTP50, excl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GTP20, excl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GTP100, excl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GWP100, excl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GWP20, excl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP100, excl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP20, excl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP50, excl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GWP20, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GWP100, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP50, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP20, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP100, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightPrimary energy from non renewable resources (gross cal. value)Primary energy from non renewable resources (net cal. value)Primary energy from renewable resources (gross cal. value)Primary energy from renewable resources (net cal. value)Primary energy demand from ren. and non ren. resources (net cal. value)Primary energy demand from ren. and non ren. resources (gross cal. value)ReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Agricultural land occupationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Ecosystems, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Human Health, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Fossil depletionReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Freshwater ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Freshwater eutrophicationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Human toxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Ionising radiationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Marine ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Metal depletionReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Ozone depletionReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Particulate matter formationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Photochemical oxidant formationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Terrestrial acidificationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Terrestrial ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Urban land occupationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Agricultural land occupationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Climate change, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Fossil depletionReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Freshwater ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Freshwater eutrophicationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Human toxicityReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Ionising radiationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Marine ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Marine eutrophicationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Metal depletionReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Natural land transformationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Particulate matter formationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Photochemical oxidant formationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Terrestrial acidificationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Terrestrial ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Urban land occupationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Water depletionReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Ozone depletionReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Natural land transformationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Climate change, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Ecosystems, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Human Health, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Ecosystems, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Human Health, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Climate change, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Ecosystems, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Human Health, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Climate change, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Climate change, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Ecosystems, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Human Health, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Climate change, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Ecosystems, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Human Health, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Freshwater eutrophicationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Freshwater eutrophicationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Marine eutrophicationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Ozone depletionReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Ozone depletionReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Terrestrial acidificationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Terrestrial acidificationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Photochemical oxidant formationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Photochemical oxidant formationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Particulate matter formationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Particulate matter formationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Ionising radiationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Ionising radiationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Agricultural land occupationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Urban land occupationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Agricultural land occupationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Urban land occupationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Natural land transformationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Natural land transformationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Fossil depletionReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Fossil depletionReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Metal depletionReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Metal depletionReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Water depletionReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Terrestrial ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Marine ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Human toxicityReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Freshwater ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Terrestrial ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Marine ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Human toxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Freshwater ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Ecosystems, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Human Health, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Climate change, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Ecosystems, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Human Health, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Climate change, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Climate change, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Ecosystems, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Human Health, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Ecosystems, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Human Health, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Climate change, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Natural land transformationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Ozone depletionReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Climate change, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Ecosystems, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Human Health, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Freshwater eutrophicationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Freshwater eutrophicationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Marine eutrophicationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Ozone depletionReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Terrestrial acidificationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Terrestrial acidificationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Photochemical oxidant formationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Photochemical oxidant formationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Particulate matter formationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Particulate matter formationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Ionising radiationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Ionising radiationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Agricultural land occupationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Urban land occupationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Agricultural land occupationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Urban land occupationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Natural land transformationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Fossil depletionReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Fossil depletionReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Metal depletionReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Metal depletionReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Water depletionReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Freshwater ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Human toxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Marine ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Terrestrial ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Freshwater ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Human toxicityReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Marine ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Terrestrial ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Ecosystems, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Human Health, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Climate change, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Ecosystems, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Human Health, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Climate change, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Human Health, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Climate change, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Ecosystems, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Human Health, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Climate change, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Ecosystems, LUC only, no norm/weightTRACI 2.1, Ecotoxicity (recommended)TRACI 2.1, Human toxicity, cancer (recommended)TRACI 2.1, Human toxicity, non-canc. (recommended)TRACI 2.1, Global Warming Air, excl. biogenic carbonTRACI 2.1, Resources, Fossil fuelsTRACI 2.1, Human Health Particulate AirTRACI 2.1, Ozone Depletion AirTRACI 2.1, Smog AirTRACI 2.1, Global Warming Air, incl. biogenic carbonTRACI 2.1, AcidificationTRACI 2.1, EutrophicationTRACI 2.1, Global Warming Air, incl biogenic carbon, incl LUC, no norm/weightTRACI 2.1, Global Warming Air, excl biogenic carbon, incl LUC, no norm/weightTRACI 2.1, Global Warming Air, LUC only, no norm/weightUBP 2013, Global warmingUBP 2013, Pesticides into soilUBP 2013, Radioactive waste to depositUBP 2013, Radioactive substances into airUBP 2013, Water resourcesUBP 2013, Energy resourcesUBP 2013, Water pollutantsUBP 2013, Heavy metals into soilUBP 2013, Mineral resourcesUBP 2013, POP into waterUBP 2013, Radioactive substances into waterUBP 2013, Carcinogenic substances into airUBP 2013, Heavy metals into airUBP 2013, Land useUBP 2013, Heavy metals into waterUBP 2013, Main air pollutantsUBP 2013, Ozone layer depletionUBP 2013, Non radioactive waste to depositUBP 2013, Global warming, incl Land Use ChangeUBP 2013, Global warming, Land Use Change onlyUSEtox, Ecotoxicity (recommended)USEtox, Human toxicity, cancer (recommended)USEtox, Human toxicity, non-canc. (recommended)Total freshwater consumption (including rainwater)Blue water consumptionBlue water useTotal freshwater useThe LCI method applied is in compliance with ISO 14040 and 14044. The documentation includes all relevant information in view of the data quality and scope of the application of the respective LCI result / data set. The dataset represents the state-of-the-art in view of the referenced functional unit.thinkstepLBP-GaBiIBP-GaBiOverall quality according to different validation schemes
GaBi = 1,8 interpreted into "good overall quality" in the GaBi quality validation scheme
ILCD = 1,9 interpreted into "basic overall quality" in the ILCD quality validation scheme
PEF = 1,8 interpreted into "very good overall quality" in the PEF quality validation schemeThe dataset and systems, which are provided with our software and databases for public use into a broad user community, are constantly used, compared, benchmarked, screened, reviewed and results published in various external, professional and third party LCA applications in industry, academia and politics. So user feedback via the online GaBi forum or direct via user information is a standard routine in the maintenance and update process and leads to stable quality and constant control and improvement of data, if knowledge or technology improves or industrial process chains develop or change.GaBi user forumGaBi bug forumGaBi user communityGaBi conformity systemFully compliantFully compliantFully compliantFully compliantFully compliantNot definedUNEP SETAC Life Cycle InitiativeNot definedNot definedNot definedNot definedNot definedNot definedILCD Data Network - Entry-levelNot definedFully compliantFully compliantNot definedFully compliantNot definedthinkstepThis background LCI data set can be used for any types of LCA studies.thinkstep2016-01-01T00:00:00+01:00ILCD format 1.1thinkstepNo official approval by producer or operator2016-01-01T00:00:00+01:0010.00.000Data set finalised; entirely publishedGaBi databasesthinksteptrueOtherGaBi (source code, database including extension databases modules and single data sets, documentation) remains property of thinkstep AG. thinkstep AG delivers GaBi licenses comprising data storage medium and manual as ordered by the customer. The license guarantees the right of use for one installation of GaBi. Further installations using the same license are not permitted. Additional licenses are only valid if the licensee holds at least one main license. Licenses are not transferable and must only be used within the licensee's organisation. Data sets may be copied for internal use. The number of copies is restricted to the number of licenses of the software system GaBi the licensee owns. The right of use is exclusively valid for the licensee. All rights reserved.LED SMD high-efficiency max 1A (235mg) 9.0x7.0x4.4Output110.000Mixed primary / secondaryCalculated