15963b61-7678-4939-8774-962b7e7167ecPrinted Wiring Board 10-layer rigid FR4 with chem-elec AuNi finish (Subtractive method)via the subtractive method (as opposed to additive method)production mix, at plant10-layer rigid FR4 with chem-elec AuNi finish (Subtractive method)Printed circuit board, circuit boardAssembly line THT/SMD (1TP,1SP,1CS,1WO,1Rf) throughput 600/hAssembly line THT/SMD (1TP,1SP,1CS,1WO,1Rf) throughput 300/hAssembly line SMD (1SP,2CS,1CP,1R,1Rf) throughput 600/hAssembly line SMD (1SP,1CS,1Rf) throughput 600/hAssembly line SMD (1SP,1CS,1Rf) throughput 300/hAssembly line SMD (1SP, 2CS, 1CP, 1R, 1Rf) throughput 300/hProcessesProductionElectronicsComponents generalThe data set covers all relevant process steps / technologies over the supply chain of the represented cradle to gate inventory with a good overall data quality. The inventory is mainly based on industry data and is completed, where necessary, by secondary data. All datasets represent average, representative components, based on materials applied in average on the selected component and modelled via typical, representative manufacturing processes.98The data set represents global average conditions by applying Chinese local reference. The data set relies on the main technologies presently in use as well as industry material specifications and relevant statistics.The component name contains following information: Number of layers, e.g. 1-layer, type of board, e.g. rigid (i.e. non-flexible), substrate material (e.g. FR4), and one of three types of finishing:
1. HASL: Hot Air Solder Leveling
2. Chem-elec AuNi: chemical and subsequently electrolytic gold-on-nickel finishing
3. ChemSn elecAuNi: chemical tin and subsequently electrolytic gold-on-nickel finishing.
Functional unit is 1 m2 net area, i.e. area of product cut to shape.
The data sets for PWBs (any number of layers and type of surface finishing) are based on a parameterised model that allows adjustment of further variables. Though steps to produce PWB can vary widely, for instance, in terms of single processing time, amount of auxiliaries added etc. excluding the possibility of a single, all-encompassing model, there exist a certain list of processing steps which are essential and present in all printed wiring board manufacturing lines. These process steps rely on industry data regarding the sequence and composition of the manufacturing of printed wiring boards via the subtractive copper plating method. This main modules reflecting these manufacturing steps are:
1. Core preparation:
- manufacture of the inner core, a copper-clad pre-preg (composed of epoxy resin, glass fibre and tetrabromobisphenol-A as flame retardant),
- surface preparation at elevated temperatures (approx. 70 °C),
- application of a light-sensitive film (photo-resist), placing the stencil over the film, exposure to UV light to harden the unprotected areas of the film,
- development to dissolve the unhardened film regions,
- etching to remove the copper-cladding in areas not covered by the hardened film,
- stripping to remove the film from the copper circuits to allow hardening the under-lying so that the, development
- oxide treatment to protect the copper circuits
- optionally, if buried vias are used (from 6-layer and higher):
o via drilling: mechanical drilling of holes, so-called vias, into the PWB. Vias on the two sides are processed in two separate drilling cycles. Newer CO2-laser technique for drilling mainly micro-via was not considered in the present data sets as this technique is still under development and does not yet represent state-of-the-art technique.
o Desmearing: This process is very important in order to ensure reliable connectivity from layer to layer. After layering and, in particular, after drilling the vias, connectivity can be hampered because of drill burrs and prepreg residuals squeezed in between the layers and holes. This is a wet process requiring aggressive cleaning chemicals and electric power.
o through-contacting: this is a series of steps of electrolytic copper plating to enable copper-layering and therefore conductivity through the vias.
2. Layering, optionally for multilayer boards only:
- collation of the cores such that each core is surrounded with two prepreg layers and a copper foil on either sides before entering the oven;
- lamination in an electric oven to compress the layers into a uniform board under high pressure and elevated temperature. Both pressure and temperature are provided electrically. A pressure cycle lasts typically about 120 - 180 minutes
3. Outer layer preparation:
- Multilayer boards only: the laminated board passes through via drilling (micro- or macrovias), desmearing and through-contacting (electrolytic copper plating), followed by essentially the same sequence as the inner layer preparation for preparing the outer conductive layers (photoresist application, exposure, development, etching unwanted copper and stripping the photoresist).
- All boards: the outer layer preparation is completed with solder-resist layering, i.e. the application of a solder resist pattern onto the PWB surface which is needed for the subsequent finishing. The process begins with a cleaning step wherein the PWB surface is cleaned mechanically (scrubbed with pumice) and chemically (application of a saponifier). This step is followed by the application of solder resistant material onto the PWB surface. Similar to previous steps the resist material is light-sensitive and when exposed to UV-light it hardens. Unexposed and therefore not hardened regions covering circuits and contacts are then developed and stripped away. A curing step finalises the hardening of the solder-resistant layer.
4. Finishing:
- HASL: Hot air solder leveling. This step requires a thorough pre-treatment of the surface to be finished and, depending on the technique applied, it requires also a pre-heating of the PWB material (in order to avoid thermal stress). Thereafter a flux material is applied to the surface. This flux is often a mixture of ammonium chloride, ethylene glycol and various minor organics. The fluxing is followed by the application of the solder material, which is a mixture of tin, silver and a polyester resin. After applying the resin so-called hot air knives (tools exhausting a stream of hot air) are applied to level the created solder layer. Thereafter the PWB is cooled down and remaining flux is removed. The entire process requires high-voltage and for cleaning issues an intensive supply of rinsing water.
- chemical finish (either with tin or with a gold-on-nickel treatment): as an alternative to the HASL finishing a chemical and subsequent electrolytic finishing may be applied. The chemical bath can be tin-based (chemical tin finish) or gold-nickel-based (chemical gold-on-nickel finish),
- electrolytic gold-on-nickel finish is an optional extra thickening of the contacts on a board following a chemical tin or gold-based finish,
- mechanical finishing: sawing and perforating the board to the desired shape.
5. Overhead consisting of electricity consumption that cannot be assigned to individual steps, water consumption and waste water treatment. Electricity consumption in the overhead is a significant portion of the total electricity consumption (ca. 40%) and contains electricity required to run conveyor belts, stacking-lifting machines, lighting, air conditioning, power running the laboratory and quality control units and other smaller-scale operations. The processing requires steady environmental conditions, i.e. temperature, humidity etc. Since most of these operations are continuous throughout the process steps (belts and stacking machines) the overhead is scaled by number of inner layers (also known as panels). Each processing step is assumed to be completed by a cleaning step (rinsing water, DI-quality). Figures on water consumption are adopted from various statistics to allocate it to various processing steps. Since most processing steps are wet, abundant water is consumed for rinsing, cleaning etc. Water consumed is a mixture of drinking water and demineralised RO (reverse-osmosis water), and the same quantity is treated in an average waste water treatment plant.
One significant change in naming since the previously used datasets is the distinction between layers (copper-clad conductive layers) and cores (copper-clad prepreg also known as inner layer). The new naming consistently numbers the conductive layers present in a printed wiring board. Single-layer boards (formerly1s1l) have a core with only 1 side copper-clad; 2-layer (or double-sided) boards (formerly 2s2l) have one core with both sides copper-clad; each core in a multilayer board (4 layers and above) is understood as having 2 conductive layers. The correspondence to the previous naming is shown below:
Old naming New naming
1s1l 1-layer
2s2l 2-layer
2s4l 4-layer
2s8l 8-layer
Background system:
Electricity: Electricity is modelled according to the individual country-specific situations. The country-specific modelling is achieved on multiple levels. Firstly, individual energy carrier specific power plants and plants for renewable energy sources are modelled according to the current national electricity grid mix. Modelling the electricity consumption mix includes transmission / distribution losses and the own use by energy producers (own consumption of power plants and "other" own consumption e.g. due to pumped storage hydro power etc.), as well as imported electricity. Secondly, the national emission and efficiency standards of the power plants are modelled as well as the share of electricity plants and combined heat and power plants (CHP). Thirdly, the country-specific energy carrier supply (share of imports and / or domestic supply) including the country-specific energy carrier properties (e.g. element and energy content) are accounted for. Fourthly, the exploration, mining/production, processing and transport processes of the energy carrier supply chains are modelled according to the specific situation of each electricity producing country. The different production and processing techniques (emissions and efficiencies) in the different energy producing countries are considered, e.g. different crude oil production technologies or different flaring rates at the oil platforms.
Thermal energy, process steam: The thermal energy and process steam supply is modelled according to the individual country-specific situation with regard to emission standards and considered energy carriers. The thermal energy and process steam are produced at heat plants. Efficiencies for thermal energy production are by definition 100% in relation to the corresponding energy carrier input. For process steam the efficiency ranges from 85%, 90% to 95%. The energy carriers used for the generation of thermal energy and process steam are modelled according to the specific import situation (see electricity above).
Transports: All relevant and known transport processes are included. Ocean-going and inland ship transport as well as rail, truck and pipeline transport of bulk commodities are considered.
Energy carriers: The energy carriers are modelled according to the specific supply situation (see electricity above).
Refinery products: Diesel fuel, gasoline, technical gases, fuel oils, lubricants and residues such as bitumen are modelled with a parameterised country-specific refinery model. The refinery model represents the current national standard in refining techniques (e.g. emission level, internal energy consumption, etc.) as well as the individual country-specific product output spectrum, which can be quite different from country to country. The supply of crude oil is modelled, again, according to the country-specific situation with the respective properties of the resources.Palladium mixGold (primary)SE: Zinc ts (data set not included in documentation)Nickel mixElectricity grid mixCopper mix (99,999% from electrolysis)Provision of a standard technical product according to the applied technology, e.g. component or process for the composition of an electronic function represented by printed wiring board.Electronics_GLO_Printed Wiring Board X-layer rigid FR4 with chem-elec AuNi finish (Subtractive method).jpgThe following parameters control the model calculations:
PWB_mat_type [00] 1=Rigid; 2=Rigid-flex; 3=Flex
PWB_lay_type [01] 1=single-sided, 2=double-sided, 3=Multi-layer
Number_Layers [02] Enter number of layers if multi-layer, e.g. "4" for 4-layer, "8" for 8-layer,
BuriedVia_Steps [03] Number of sets of drilling steps to make buried vias (all vias between same two layers count as 1
External_Vias [04] Number of drilling steps on outer layer: 1=only one side with vias, 2= both sides with vias
Finishing [05] 1=chemical Sn; 2=chemical NiAu; 3=Immersion Silver; 4=Organic surface protectant
ElectroAuNi [06] [0-1] Probability of electrolytic AuNi finishing: 1=100%; 0=0%; default = 0,1
PowerAT [07] [0-1] Power from Austrian Grid Mix
PowerCN [08] [0-1] Power from Chinese Grid Mix
PowerFR [09] [0-1] Power from French Grid Mix
Oven_Use [10] [0-1] Utilization ratio of oven: 1 = 100% space used, 0=0% of space used.
Thick_Core_Cu [11] [µm] Thickness of the copper foil in the core layers
Thick_Ext_Cu [12] [µm] Thickness of the copper foil in the external layers
Thick_Core_Prep [13] [µm] Thickness of the prepregs in the core layers
Thick_Ext_Prep [14] [µm] Thickness of the prepregs in the external layers
Inner_layers [m2] Total area of core (final product area x number of inner layers) that need to be processedLCI resultAttributionalNoneAllocation - market valueAllocation - net calorific valueAllocation - exergetic contentFor the combined heat and power production, allocation by exergetic content is applied. For the electricity generation and by-products, e.g. gypsum, allocation by market value is applied due to no common physical properties. Within the refinery allocation by net calorific value and mass is used. For the combined crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids production al-location by net calorific value is applied.All data used in the calculation of the LCI results refer to net calorific value.NoneGaBi Modelling PrinciplesGaBi Water Modelling PrinciplesGaBi Agriculture Model DocumentationGaBi Land Use Change Model DocumentationGaBi Energy Modelling PrinciplesGaBi Refinery Modelling PrinciplesCut-off rules for each unit process: Coverage of at least 95 % of mass and energy of the input and output flows, and 98 % of their environmental relevance (according to expert judgement). For further details please see the document "GaBi Databases Modelling Principles"NoneFull coverage of the manufacturing processes relying on primary industry data; all relevant background data such as energy and auxiliary material are taken from the GaBi Databases, maintaining consistency. Data applied to Chinese boundary conditions.Boundary conditions of auxiliaries are not adapted to Chinese conditions since the relevance is below the cut-off criteria.For details please see the document "GaBi Databases Modelling Principles"NoneSicherheitsdatenblaette ORMECONSicherheitsdatenblaette ORMECONSicherheitsdatenblaette AurotronSicherheitsdatenblaette AurotechInformationen zur Leiterplattenproduktion der Häusermann GmbHVDE/VDI-Schulungsblätter für die Leiterplattenfertigung,VDE/VDI 3711, B. 4.3,Galvanische VerfahrenTechnologieführer, Version 3.0Einführung in die LeiterplattentechnologieUltra-fine feature printed circuits and multi-chip modules. , 1995Transition of MCM-C applications to MCM-L using rigid flex substrates., 1999Multi-layered circuit board precisely pressed/damascened on glass plates. , 2004Interface evolution of epoxy layers due to wetchemical treatments and its relevance to adhesion of eAdvanced copper electroplating for application of electronics. , 2003End-of-life electric and electronic equipment management towards the 21st century. , 2000Direct Electroplating on Printed Circuit Boards. , 2001Printed Wiring Board Cleaner Technologies Substitutes Assessment: Making Holes Conductive, 1998Next Generation Plating Systems E200/2000. , 2003RCS ATMA Screen printed machine Technical Information. , 2002Common Chemicals used in the PWB Industry. , 200695.0This component can be used for modelling of entire printed wiring board, reflecting a single part or process.2000 - 2011NoneAlways connect this dataset to one of the assembly line datasets. Printed wiring boards # unless entirely unpopulated # should always go through assembly. The assembled printed wiring board as well as components with which the board is populated should then be connected to the unit process GLO: Component mixer or GLO: Component mixer (DfX). For an example see the plan GLO: Populated printed wiring board.All relevant flows quantifiedCML2001 - Apr. 2015, Photochem. Ozone Creation Potential (POCP)CML2001 - Apr. 2015, Eutrophication Potential (EP)CML2001 - Apr. 2015, Freshwater Aquatic Ecotoxicity Pot. (FAETP inf.)CML2001 - Apr. 2015, Acidification Potential (AP)CML2001 - Apr. 2015, Marine Aquatic Ecotoxicity Pot. (MAETP inf.)CML2001 - Apr. 2015, Ozone Layer Depletion Potential (ODP, steady state)CML2001 - Apr. 2015, Terrestric Ecotoxicity Potential (TETP inf.)CML2001 - Apr. 2015, Human Toxicity Potential (HTP inf.)CML2001 - Apr. 2015, Global Warming Potential (GWP 100 years)CML2001 - Apr. 2015, Global Warming Potential (GWP 100 years), excl biogenic carbonCML2001 - Apr. 2015, Abiotic Depletion (ADP elements)CML2001 - Apr. 2015, Abiotic Depletion (ADP fossil)CML2001 - Apr. 2015, Global Warming Potential (GWP 100), Land Use Change only, no norm/weightCML2001 - Apr. 2015, Global Warming Potential (GWP 100), excl bio. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightCML2001 - Apr. 2015, Global Warming Potential (GWP 100), incl bio. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightAnthropogenic Abiotic Depletion Potential (AADP), TU BerlinResource depletion water, midpoint (v1.06)Resource depletion, mineral, fossils and renewables, midpoint (v1.06)Climate change midpoint, incl biogenic carbon (v1.06)Particulate matter/Respiratory inorganics midpoint (v1.06)Acidification midpoint (v1.06)Eutrophication terrestrial midpoint (v1.06)Climate change midpoint, excl biogenic carbon (v1.06)Eutrophication freshwater midpoint (v1.06)Ionizing radiation midpoint, human health (v1.06)Eutrophication marine midpoint (v1.06)Ozone depletion midpoint (v1.06)Photochemical ozone formation midpoint, human health (v1.06)Ecotoxicity freshwater midpoint (v1.06)Human toxicity midpoint, cancer effects (v1.06)Human toxicity midpoint, non-cancer effects (v1.06)IPCC AR5 GWP20, incl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GWP100, incl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GTP50, incl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GTP20, incl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GTP100, incl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GTP100, incl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP20, incl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP50, incl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GWP100, incl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GWP20, incl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP20, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GWP20, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GWP100, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP50, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP100, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GWP20, excl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GWP100, excl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GTP50, excl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GTP20, excl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GTP100, excl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GWP100, excl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GWP20, excl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP100, excl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP20, excl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP50, excl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GWP20, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GWP100, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP50, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP20, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP100, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightPrimary energy from non renewable resources (gross cal. value)Primary energy from non renewable resources (net cal. value)Primary energy from renewable resources (gross cal. value)Primary energy from renewable resources (net cal. value)Primary energy demand from ren. and non ren. resources (net cal. value)Primary energy demand from ren. and non ren. resources (gross cal. value)ReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Agricultural land occupationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Ecosystems, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Human Health, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Fossil depletionReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Freshwater ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Freshwater eutrophicationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Human toxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Ionising radiationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Marine ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Metal depletionReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Ozone depletionReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Particulate matter formationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Photochemical oxidant formationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Terrestrial acidificationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Terrestrial ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Urban land occupationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Agricultural land occupationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Climate change, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Fossil depletionReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Freshwater ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Freshwater eutrophicationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Human toxicityReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Ionising radiationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Marine ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Marine eutrophicationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Metal depletionReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Natural land transformationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Particulate matter formationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Photochemical oxidant formationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Terrestrial acidificationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Terrestrial ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Urban land occupationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Water depletionReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Ozone depletionReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Natural land transformationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Climate change, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Ecosystems, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Human Health, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Ecosystems, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Human Health, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Climate change, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Ecosystems, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Human Health, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Climate change, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Climate change, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Ecosystems, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Human Health, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Climate change, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Ecosystems, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Human Health, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Freshwater eutrophicationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Freshwater eutrophicationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Marine eutrophicationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Ozone depletionReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Ozone depletionReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Terrestrial acidificationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Terrestrial acidificationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Photochemical oxidant formationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Photochemical oxidant formationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Particulate matter formationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Particulate matter formationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Ionising radiationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Ionising radiationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Agricultural land occupationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Urban land occupationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Agricultural land occupationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Urban land occupationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Natural land transformationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Natural land transformationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Fossil depletionReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Fossil depletionReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Metal depletionReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Metal depletionReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Water depletionReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Terrestrial ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Marine ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Human toxicityReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Freshwater ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Terrestrial ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Marine ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Human toxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Freshwater ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Ecosystems, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Human Health, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Climate change, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Ecosystems, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Human Health, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Climate change, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Climate change, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Ecosystems, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Human Health, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Ecosystems, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Human Health, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Climate change, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Natural land transformationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Ozone depletionReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Climate change, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Ecosystems, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Human Health, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Freshwater eutrophicationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Freshwater eutrophicationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Marine eutrophicationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Ozone depletionReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Terrestrial acidificationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Terrestrial acidificationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Photochemical oxidant formationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Photochemical oxidant formationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Particulate matter formationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Particulate matter formationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Ionising radiationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Ionising radiationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Agricultural land occupationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Urban land occupationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Agricultural land occupationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Urban land occupationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Natural land transformationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Fossil depletionReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Fossil depletionReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Metal depletionReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Metal depletionReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Water depletionReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Freshwater ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Human toxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Marine ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Terrestrial ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Freshwater ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Human toxicityReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Marine ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Terrestrial ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Ecosystems, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Human Health, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Climate change, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Ecosystems, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Human Health, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Climate change, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Human Health, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Climate change, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Ecosystems, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Human Health, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Climate change, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Ecosystems, LUC only, no norm/weightTRACI 2.1, Ecotoxicity (recommended)TRACI 2.1, Human toxicity, cancer (recommended)TRACI 2.1, Human toxicity, non-canc. (recommended)TRACI 2.1, Global Warming Air, excl. biogenic carbonTRACI 2.1, Resources, Fossil fuelsTRACI 2.1, Human Health Particulate AirTRACI 2.1, Ozone Depletion AirTRACI 2.1, Smog AirTRACI 2.1, Global Warming Air, incl. biogenic carbonTRACI 2.1, AcidificationTRACI 2.1, EutrophicationTRACI 2.1, Global Warming Air, incl biogenic carbon, incl LUC, no norm/weightTRACI 2.1, Global Warming Air, excl biogenic carbon, incl LUC, no norm/weightTRACI 2.1, Global Warming Air, LUC only, no norm/weightUBP 2013, Global warmingUBP 2013, Pesticides into soilUBP 2013, Radioactive waste to depositUBP 2013, Radioactive substances into airUBP 2013, Water resourcesUBP 2013, Energy resourcesUBP 2013, Water pollutantsUBP 2013, Heavy metals into soilUBP 2013, Mineral resourcesUBP 2013, POP into waterUBP 2013, Radioactive substances into waterUBP 2013, Carcinogenic substances into airUBP 2013, Heavy metals into airUBP 2013, Land useUBP 2013, Heavy metals into waterUBP 2013, Main air pollutantsUBP 2013, Ozone layer depletionUBP 2013, Non radioactive waste to depositUBP 2013, Global warming, incl Land Use ChangeUBP 2013, Global warming, Land Use Change onlyUSEtox, Ecotoxicity (recommended)USEtox, Human toxicity, cancer (recommended)USEtox, Human toxicity, non-canc. (recommended)Total freshwater consumption (including rainwater)Blue water consumptionBlue water useTotal freshwater useThe LCI method applied is in compliance with ISO 14040 and 14044. The documentation includes all relevant information in view of the data quality and scope of the application of the respective LCI result / data set. The dataset represents the state-of-the-art in view of the referenced functional unit.thinkstepLBP-GaBiIBP-GaBiOverall quality according to different validation schemes
GaBi = 1,7 interpreted into "good overall quality" in the GaBi quality validation scheme
ILCD = 1,8 interpreted into "basic overall quality" in the ILCD quality validation scheme
PEF = 1,7 interpreted into "very good overall quality" in the PEF quality validation schemeThe dataset and systems, which are provided with our software and databases for public use into a broad user community, are constantly used, compared, benchmarked, screened, reviewed and results published in various external, professional and third party LCA applications in industry, academia and politics. So user feedback via the online GaBi forum or direct via user information is a standard routine in the maintenance and update process and leads to stable quality and constant control and improvement of data, if knowledge or technology improves or industrial process chains develop or change.GaBi user forumGaBi bug forumGaBi user communityGaBi conformity systemFully compliantFully compliantFully compliantFully compliantFully compliantNot definedUNEP SETAC Life Cycle InitiativeNot definedNot definedNot definedNot definedNot definedNot definedILCD Data Network - Entry-levelNot definedFully compliantFully compliantNot definedFully compliantNot definedthinkstepThis background LCI dataset can be used for any type of LCA studythinkstep2016-01-01T00:00:00+01:00ILCD format 1.1thinkstepNo official approval by producer or operator2016-01-01T00:00:00+01:0010.00.000Data set finalised; entirely publishedGaBi databasesthinksteptrueOtherGaBi (source code, database including extension databases modules and single data sets, documentation) remains property of thinkstep AG. thinkstep AG delivers GaBi licenses comprising data storage medium and manual as ordered by the customer. The license guarantees the right of use for one installation of GaBi. Further installations using the same license are not permitted. Additional licenses are only valid if the licensee holds at least one main license. Licenses are not transferable and must only be used within the licensee's organisation. Data sets may be copied for internal use. The number of copies is restricted to the number of licenses of the software system GaBi the licensee owns. The right of use is exclusively valid for the licensee. All rights reserved.Printed wiring board chem-elec AuNi 10-layer (subtractive method)Output110.000Mixed primary / secondaryUnknown derivation